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Visualization

Make data legible. Make insight obvious.

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Foundation

  • Five-second rule — a viz should be clear, effective, convincing in ≤ 5 seconds. Don't overcomplicate.
  • Focus — narrow down the data so it's not misleading
  • Feedback loop — show drafts to your audience to improve
  • Make it understandable — the audience should grasp your point
  • Avoid misleading viz — scaling and proportion can deceive
  • Self-question — which chart makes it easiest to make the point?
  • Dashboards have a downside — viewers create their own narrative; could misinterpret
  • Accessibility — color-blind, low-vision, mobile readers

Quick rules of thumb

Goal Chart
Compare values Bar
Trend over time Line
Part of whole 100% stacked bar (avoid pie if > 4 slices)
Distribution Histogram, box plot
Relationship Scatter
Geographic Map
Density / ranking Heatmap

References